Therefore, the need for a comprehensive clinical study of vestibular and auditory disorders in order to increase the effectiveness of prevention and treatment, correction and rehabilitation, identification of issues of professional suitability, and work capacity is very important.Ģ. Vestibular and auditory sensory systems stimulate cortical processes, being responsible for various activities, postural balance and control, emotions, and creative thought. Binaural hearing impairment leads to spatial orientation disorders. It is the first system to respond to any disorders in the body.Īuditory system provides for social communication function. The vestibular system, with its extremely keen sensitivity, dynamism, and high informativeness of symptoms of the ear labyrinth diseases, as well as different parts of the brain, significantly exceeds the informativeness of all other analyzers. Its effect onto the motor memory mechanisms, underlying all human motor activity forms, including the professional ones, is extremely important. The vestibular system plays a crucial role in space orientation, both at rest and in movement, as well as in professional activity of the person. Symmetry of the anatomical-topographical localization of these systems and proper space orientation provided by them are important regarding all social life aspects. Sensory functions, in particular, vestibular and auditory ones, represent a reliable criterion for assessing human health, social adequacy, professional suitability, and working capacity. A brief information on vestibular disorders after the Chornobyl nuclear power plant accident is also given. Magnetic coils and scanning laser ophthalmoscopes are gaining increasing significance in examining patients. The vestibular evoked myogenic potential test (VEMP) is being widely used in clinical practice. Videonystagmography (VNG) gives the possibility of video recording of nystagmus in the directions of semicircular channels (vertical, diagonal, horizontal). Currently only 20% of vestibular reactions, in particular, using electronystagmography test (ENG), are estimated in the horizontal plane. They were developed taking into account the anatomical and physiological features of the vestibular system. Effective therapeutic and prophylactic positional maneuvers of three types have been introduced into clinical practice. Vestibular dysfunction in canalolithiasis and cupololithiasis has been investigated clinically and histologically. The main criteria for differential diagnosis of these disorders have been determined. In particular, vestibular paroxysmal positional disorders of peripheral and central origin have been studied. Аbstract Studies on vestibular system have brought new experimental studies, clinical examinations, and the development of effective treatment for a number of diseases of this system.
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